قرآن در کامپیوتر

دانلود نرم افزار های قرآنی یه صورت رایگان

قرآن در کامپیوتر

دانلود نرم افزار های قرآنی یه صورت رایگان

دستور attrib

Most file commands in TCC include the /A: switch, which allows you to select files for the command to process based on their attributes. These switches all use the format /A[:][-+]RHSAD. The colon after /A is optional in DIR, FFIND, and SELECT, but is required in all other commands. The characters after the /A: specify which attributes to select, as follows:

 
Most فرماندهىهایى TCC پرونده which کدامى شما که پرونده‌هایى که برای فرماندهى بر نسبتهاى آنها. All اینها تعویضها. روده بزرگ اختیارى و ولی مورد نیاز در فرماندهىهاى دیگرى همه. منشها که follow R H پنهان شده. دستگاه S. Archive. . نسبتهاى تمدید شده در دسترس همچنین پایین بر حجمهایى NTFS هستند.


R Read-only

H Hidden

S System

A Archive

D Directory

 

On NTFS volumes, the extended attributes below are also available.

 

E Encrypted

C Compressed

I Not content-indexed

L Symbolic link or Junction (reparse point)

N Normal (cannot be used for file selection)

O Offline

P Sparse file

T Temporary

 

The N (normal) attribute is not stored on disk. It is dynamically generated by the operating system if none of the other attributes is set. Its use for file selection is not supported in either commands or variable functions.

N عادى نسبت انبار کرده is نمىشود قرص. آن دستگاه عامل (کامپیوتر) به وجود آورده مىشود هیچى از نسبتهاى دیگر مستقر شده نمىشود. Use گزینش پرونده فرماندهىهایى یا وظیفه‌هاى تغییر پذیرى پشتیبانی کرده is نمىشود


 

If no attributes are listed at all (i.e., /A:), the command will process all files, and (where applicable) all subdirectories, including hidden and system files and directories.

No نسبتهایى فهرست شده all فرماندهى all پرونده‌ها را پردازش کرد و به کار بردنی All دفتر راهنماى فرعى پنهان شده و دستگاه پرونده‌هایى و دفتر راهنما.
 

If attributes are combined, all the specified attributes must match for a file to be selected. For example, /A:RHS will select only those files with all three attributes set.

 نسبتهایى مخلوط همه مشخص کرده نسبتهایى که برای پرونده‌اى گزیده. مثلا A:RHS آنها پرونده‌ها all نسبتى تنها را گزید.

If you precede an attribute with a hyphen -, files with that attribute will be excluded. For example, /A:RH-S selects files which have the read-only and hidden attributes set and which do not have the system attribute set.

 

If you precede an attribute with a plus +, files will be selected which have that attribute turned on or off. When multiple attributes are preceded by +, only files which have at least one of these attributes will be selected. For example, /A:+H+S will select files with the hidden or system attribute, or both, but will not select files which have neither attribute set. /A:R+H+S will select files which are read-only, and also have the hidden or system attribute, or both.

شما نسبتى گزیده بود which کدامى آن نسبت گردانده یا. نسبتهاى چندگانه‌اى تنها پرونده‌هایى که یک حد اقل از اینها نسبتها گزیده بود. مثلا A:+H+S پرونده‌هایى پنهان شده گزید یا دستگاه نسبت, یا هردویى ولی پرونده‌هایى که هیچیک نسبت مستقر شده گزید. /A:R+H+S پرونده‌هایى گزید که و پنهان شده همچنین یا دستگاه نسبت, یا هردویى.


 

You can combine the plus sign, hyphen, and unmarked attributes to build a specification as complex as you need.

 شما و نسبتهاى که ویژگىى پیچیده as شما بى نشانى.

Example

 

The (dangerous!) command below will make all hidden, system, and/or read-only files in the default directory visible and writeable, but not modify the attributes of files which are neither hidden nor system nor read-only (thus not reporting files already in the desired state):

خطرناک!) فرماندهى همه پنهان شده ساخت پایین دستگاه, and/or دفتر راهنما پدیدار و writeable ولی نسبتها از پرونده‌هایى را که هیچیک پنهان شده nor دستگاه nor درحال پرونده‌هایى تاحالا بدین گونه گزارش دادن :
 

       attrib /e /p /a:+r+h+s -r -h -s


*********************************************************************************88
Purpose: Change or view file and subdirectory attributes.

 

Format: ATTRIB [/A:[[-+]rhsa] /D /E /I"text" /P /Q /S[n]] [+|-[AHIORST]] [@file] files ...

 

files A file, directory, or list of files or directories to process.

@file A text file containing the names of the files to process, one per line (see @file lists for details).

 

/A:  (Attribute select)
 /P(ause)
 
/D(irectories)
 /Q(uiet)
 
/E (No error messages)
 /S(ubdirectories)
 
/I"text" (match description)
 
 

 

Attribute flags:

Clear
 Set
 Attribute affected
 
-A
 +A
 archive
 
-H
 +H
 hidden
 
-I
 +I
 not content indexed
 
-O
 +O
 offline
 
-R
 +R
 read-only
 
-S
 +S
 system
 
-T
 +T
 temporary
 

 

File Selection

 

Supports attribute switches, extended wildcards, ranges, multiple file names, and include lists. Use wildcards with caution on LFN volumes; see LFN File Searches for details.

 تعویضهایى نسبت و سیاهه‌هایى. عامل غیر قابل پیش بینى caution بر حجمهایى LFN بازرسىهایى برای تفصیلاتیى پرونده LFN.


Usage:

 

Every file and subdirectory has attributes that can be turned on (set) or turned off (cleared):  Archive, Hidden, Not content indexed, Offline, Read-only, System, and Temporary. For details on the meaning of each attribute, see File Attributes.

 Every پرونده و دفتر راهنماى فرعى نسبتهایى آن گردانده مستقر شده یا off Archive فهرست شده دستگاه و گذرا. نسبتهایى پرونده بر معنی از each نسبت.

 

The ATTRIB command lets you view, set, or clear attributes for any file, group of files, or subdirectory.

 

You can view file attributes by entering ATTRIB without specifying new attributes (i.e., without the [+|-[AHIORST]] part of the format), or with the DIR /T command.

 

The primary use of ATTRIB is to set attributes. For example, you can set the read-only and hidden attributes for the file MEMO:

 

attrib +rh memo

 

Attribute options apply to the file(s) that follow the options on the ATTRIB command line. The example below shows how to set different attributes on different files with a single command. It sets the archive attribute for all .TXT files, then sets the system attribute and clears the archive attribute for TEST.COM:

 
نسبت اختیارهایى file(s آن اختیارها بر خط فرماندهى ATTRIB را. نمونه که نسبتهاى متفاوتى بر پرونده‌هاى single متفاوتى پایین فرمان بده. آن نسبت را archive all مستقر مىشود.پس و نسبت را archive.COM.:


attrib +a *.txt +s -a test.com

 

When you use ATTRIB on an LFN drive, you must double quote any file names which contain white space or special characters.

 

To change directory attributes, use the /D switch. If you give ATTRIB a directory name instead of a file name, and omit /D, it will append "\*" to the end of the name and act on all files in that directory, rather than acting on the directory itself.

 

NTFS also supports D (subdirectory), V (volume label), E (encrypted), C (compressed), J or L (junction / symbolic link) and P (sparse file) attributes. These attributes will be displayed by ATTRIB, but cannot be altered; they are designed to be controlled only by Windows.

 

ATTRIB will ignore underlines in the new attribute (the [+|-[ADHIORST]] part of the command). For example, ATTRIB sees these 2 commands as identical:

 

attrib +a filename

attrib +__A_ filename

 

This allows you to use a string of attributes from either the @ATTRIB variable function or from ATTRIB itself (both of which use underscores to represent attributes that are not set) and send that string back to ATTRIB to set attributes for other files. For example, to clear the attributes of FILE2 and then set its attributes to match those of FILE1:

 

attrib -arhs file2 & attrib +%@attrib[file1] file2

 

When ATTRIB encounters a +D or ?D in the attribute string it treats it as equivalent to the /D switch, and allows modification of the attributes of a directory. When combined with @ATTRIB, or with ATTRIB's output, both of which return a D to signify a directory, this feature allows you to transfer attributes from one directory to another. For example, to clear the attributes of all files and directories beginning with ABC and then set their attributes to match those of FILE1 (enter this on one line):

 

attrib -arhs abc* & attrib +%@attrib[file1] abc*

 

Options:

 

/A: Select only those files that have the specified attribute(s) set. See Attribute Switches for information on the attributes which can follow /A:. Warning: the colon after /A is not optional.

 

This switch specifies which files to select, not which attributes to set. For example, to remove the archive attribute from all hidden files, you could use this command:

 

attrib /a:h -a *

 

Do not use /A: with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

 

/D If you use the /D option, ATTRIB will modify the attributes of directories in addition to files (yes, you can have a hidden directory):

 

attrib /d +h c:\mydir

 

If you use a directory name instead of a file name, and omit /D, ATTRIB will append "\*" to the end of the name and act on all files in that directory, rather than acting on the directory itself.

 

/E Suppress all non-fatal error messages, such as "File Not Found."  Fatal error messages, such as "Drive not ready," will still be displayed. This option is most useful in batch files and aliases, and when recursing through the directory hierarchy, where many directories have no files matching your selection criteria.        .

 

/I"text" Select files by matching text in their descriptions. The text can include wildcards and extended wildcards. The search text must be enclosed in double quotes, and must immediately follow the /I, with no intervening spaces. You can select all filenames that have a description with /I"[?]*", or all filenames that do not have a description with /I"[]". Do not use /I with @file lists. See @file lists for details

 

/P Wait for a key to be pressed after each screen page before continuing the display. Your options at the prompt are explained in detail under Page and File Prompts

.

/Q This option turns off ATTRIB's normal screen output. It is most useful in batch files.

 

/S If you use the /S option, the ATTRIB command will be applied to all matching files in the current or named directory and all of its subdirectories. Do not use /S with @file lists; see @file lists for details.

 

If you specify a number after the /S, ATTRIB will limit the subdirectory recursion to that number.  For example, if you have a directory tree "\a\b\c\d\e", /S2 will only affect the "a", "b", and "c" directories.

 


*************************************************************************8
@ATTRIB[filename[,-rhsadecijlopt[,p]]] : If you do not specify any attributes, @ATTRIB returns the attributes of the specified file in the format RHSADECIJNOPT, rather than 0 or 1. If two or more parameters are specified, @ATTRIB returns a 1 if the specified file has the matching attribute(s); otherwise it returns a 0.

 

The basic attributes for FAT volumes are:

 

N Normal (no attributes set)

R Read-only

A Archive

H Hidden

S System

D Directory

 

In addition, NTFS volumes allow display of the following extended attributes:

 

E Encrypted

C Compressed

I Not content-indexed

J Junction or symbolic link

L Junction or symbolic link

N Normal

O Offline

P Sparse file

T Temporary

 

The extended attributes are displayed when @ATTRIB is invoked with a single parameter, but they are suppressed when used for file selection (two or more parameters). To select files based on the extended attributes, see @WATTRIB.

 

Attributes which are not set will be replaced with an underscore. For example, if SECURE.DAT has the read-only, hidden, and archive attributes set, %@ATTRIB[SECURE.DAT] would return RH_A_______. If the file does not exist, @ATTRIB returns an empty string.

 

The attributes (other than N) can be combined (for example %@ATTRIB[MYFILE,HS]). Normally @ATTRIB will only return 1 if all of the attributes match. However, if a final ,p is included (partial match), then @ATTRIB will return 1 if any of the attributes match. For example, %@ATTRIB[MYFILE,HS,p] will return 1 if MYFILE has the hidden, system, or both attributes. Without ,p the function will return 1 only if MYFILE has both attributes.

 

Filename must be in quotes if it contains white space or special characters.

 

See also: Attributes Switches.

 

Examples:

 

echo %@attrib["C:\Program Files\My Program\myfile.exe",rhs,p]

echo Attributes for myfile.exe: %@attrib[myfile.exe]

دستور COPY

Purpose: Copy data between disks, directories, files, or physical hardware devices (such as your printer or serial port).

 

Format: COPY [/I"text"] [/A:... /C /D /E /F /FTP:A /G /H /J /K /L /M /MD /N[dejst] /O /P /Q /R /S[n] /T /U /V /X /Z] [@file ] source [+] ... [/A|/B] [TO:] target [...] [/A|/B]

 

source A file or list of files or a device to copy from.

target A file, directory, or device to copy to

@file A text file containing the names of the source files, one per line (see @file lists for details)

 

/A(SCII) copy
 /LD (create link)
 
/A:... (Attribute select)
 /M(odified files
 
/B(inary copy)
 /MD (Create target directory)
 
/C(hanged source files)
 /N (Disable)
 
/D (Copy encrypted files)
 /O(nly if no target)
 
/E (No error messages)
 /P(rompt)
 
/F (No empty subdirectories)
 /Q(uiet)
 
/FTP:A (ASCII copy)
 /R(eplace)
 
/G (Display percentage)
 /S(ubdirectories)
 
/H (Include hidden files)
 /T(otals)
 
/I"text" (Match description)
 /U(pdate target)
 
/J (Restartable)
 /V(erify)
 
/K (Keep read-only attribute)
 /X (Clear archive)
 
/L Copy symbolic links
 /Z (overwrite)
 

 

See also:  ATTRIB, MOVE, and REN.

 

File Selection

 

Supports attribute switches, extended wildcards, ranges, multiple file names, delayed variable expansion, and include lists. Date, time, size or exclude ranges anywhere on the line apply to all source files. Use wildcards with caution on LFN volumes; see LFN File Searches for details.

 

Internet

 

Can be used with FTP / FTPS / TFTP / HTTP / HTTPS Servers.

 

Usage

 

The simplest use of COPY is to make a copy of a file, like this example which makes a copy of a file called FILE1.ABC:

 

copy file1.abc file2.def

 

You can also copy a file to another drive and/or directory. The following command copies FILE1 to the \MYDIR directory on drive E:

 

copy file1 e:\mydir

 

When you COPY files to or from an LFN drive, you must quote any file names which contain white space or special characters.

 

To emulate an approach used by some implementations of CMD.EXE, see the COPYCMD topic.

 

• Copying Files

 

You can copy several files at once by using wildcards:

 

copy *.txt e:\mydir

 

You can also list several source files in one command. The following command copies 3 specific files from the current directory to the \MYDIR directory on drive E:

 

copy file1 file2 file3 e:\mydir

 

COPY also understands include lists, so you can specify several different kinds of files in the same command. This command copies the .TXT, .DOC, and .BAT files from the E:\MYDIR directory to the root directory of drive A:

 

copy e:\mydir\*.txt;*.doc;*.bat a:\

 

If there is only one parameter on the line, COPY assumes it is the source, and uses the current drive and directory as the destination. For example, the following command copies all the .DAT files from the current directory on drive A to the current directory on the current drive:

 

copy a:*.dat

 

If there are two or more parameters on the line separated by spaces, then COPY assumes that the last parameter is the destination and copies all source files to this new location. If the destination is a drive, directory, or device name, the source files are copied individually to the new location. If the destination is a file name, the first source file is copied to the destination, and any additional source files are then appended to the new destination file.

 

For example, the first of these commands copies the .DAT files from the current directory on drive A individually to C:\MYDIR (which must already exist as a directory); the second appends all the .DAT files together into one large file called C:\DATA (assuming C:\DATA is not a directory):

 

copy a:*.dat c:\mydir\

copy a:*.dat c:\data

 

When you copy to a directory, if you add a backslash \ to the end of the name as shown in the first example above, COPY will display an error message if the name does not refer to an existing directory. You can use this feature to keep COPY from treating a mistyped destination directory name as a file name and attempting to append all your source files to a single destination file, when you really meant to copy them individually to a destination directory.

 

To copy text to or from the clipboard use CLIP: as the device name. Using CLIP: with non-text data will produce unpredictable results. See Redirection for more information on CLIP:.

 

• Appending Files

 

A plus sign + tells COPY to append two or more source files to a single destination file. If you list several source files separated with + and don't specify a destination, COPY will use the name of the first source file as the destination, and append each subsequent file to the first file.

 

For example, the following command will append the contents of MEMO2 and MEMO3 to MEMO1 and leave the combined contents in the file named MEMO1:

 

copy memo1+memo2+memo3

 

To append the same three files but store the result in BIGMEMO:

 

copy memo1+memo2+memo3 bigmemo

 

If no destination is specified, the destination file will always be created in the current directory even if the first source file is in another directory or on another drive. For example, this command will append C:\MEM\MEMO2 and C:\MEM\MEMO3 to D:\DATA\MEMO1, and leave the result in C:\MEM\MEMO1:

 

[c:\mem] copy d:\data\memo1+memo2+memo3

 

You cannot append files to a device (such as a printer); if you try to do so, COPY will ignore the + signs and copy the files individually. If you attempt to append several source files to a destination directory or disk, COPY will append the files and place the copy in the new location with the same name as the first source file.

 

You cannot append a file to itself.

 

• FTP Usage

 

If you have appropriate permissions, you can copy to and from Internet URLs (FTP, TFTP and HTTP).  Many FTP servers, including our own ftp://jpsoft.com, use case sensitive file systems. For example:

 

copy ftp://ftp.abc.com/xyz/index index

 

Files copied to or from FTP/HTTP Servers are normally transferred in binary mode. To perform an ASCII transfer use the /L switch. File descriptions are not copied when copying files to an Internet URL.

 

COPY supports the special syntax

 

copy con: ftp:...

 

to directly copy text from the console to an ftp location.

 

Wildcard characters such as * and ? will be treated as wildcards in FTP URLs, but will be treated as normal characters in HTTP URLs.

 

Note: The /G option (percentage copied) may report erratic values during transfer of files larger than 4 Gb (an ftp limitation) and during http downloads.

 

You can also use the IFTP command to start an FTP session on a server, and then use an abbreviated syntax to specify the files and directories you want. For more information, see Using FTP/HTTP Servers and IFTP.

 

• NTFS File Streams

 

COPY supports file streams on NTFS drives. You can copy an individual stream by specifying the stream name, for example:

 

copy myfile:mystream stream.copy

 

If no stream name is specified the entire file is copied, including all streams. However, if you copy a file to a drive or device which does not support streams, only the file's primary data is copied; any additional streams are not processed.

 

See NTFS File Streams for additional details.

 

• Advanced Features

 

If your destination has wildcards in it, COPY will attempt to match them with the source names. For example, this command copies the .DAT files from drive A to C:\MYDIR and gives the new copies the extension .DX:

 

copy a:*.dat c:\mydir\*.dx

 

This feature can give you unexpected results if you use it with multiple source file names. For example, suppose that drive A contains XYZ.DAT and XYZ.TXT. The command:

 

copy a:\*.dat a:\*.txt c:\mydir\*.dx

 

will copy A:XYZ.DAT to C:\MYDIR\XYZ.DX. Then it will copy A:XYZ.TXT to C:\MYDIR\XYZ.DX, overwriting the first file it copied.

 

You can use date, time, and size ranges to further define the files that you want to copy. This example copies every file in the E:\MYDIR directory, which was created or modified yesterday, and which is also 10,000 bytes or smaller in size, to the root directory of drive A:

 

copy /[d-1] /[s0,10000] e:\mydir\* a:\

 

You can also use file exclusion ranges to restrict the list of files that would normally be selected with wildcards. This example copies every file in the E:\MYDIR directory except backup (.BAK or .BK) files:

 

copy /[!*.bak *.bk] e:\mydir\* a:\

 

COPY will normally process source files which do not have the hidden or system attribute, and will ignore the read-only and archive attributes. It will always set the archive attribute and clear the read-only attribute of destination files. In addition, if the destination is an existing file with the read-only attribute, COPY will generate an Access Denied error and refuse to overwrite the file. You can alter some of these behaviors with switches:

 

/A:.. Forces COPY to process source files with the attributes you specify after the :, or to process all source files regardless of attributes, if /A: is used by itself.

 

/H Forces COPY to process hidden and system source files, as well as normal files. The hidden and system attributes from each source file will be preserved when creating the destination files.

 

/K Retains the read-only attribute from each source file when creating the destination file. See /K below for a special note if you are running under Novell NetWare.

 

/Z Forces COPY to overwrite an existing destination file regardless of its attributes.

 

Use caution with /A:, /H, or /K when both the source and destination directories contain file descriptions. If the source file specification matches the description file name (normally DESCRIPT.ION), and you use a switch which tells COPY to process hidden files, the DESCRIPT.ION file itself will be copied, overwriting any existing file descriptions in the destination directory. For example, if the \DATA directory contains file descriptions this command would overwrite any existing descriptions in the \SAVE directory:

 

[c:\data] copy /h d* \save\

 

If you remove the hidden attribute from the DESCRIPT.ION file, the same caution applies even if you do not use /A:, /H, or /K, as DESCRIPT.ION is then treated like any other file.

 

You can copy files to multiple destinations with the TO: option.  For example, to copy letter.doc to three different directories:

 

       copy letter.doc TO: \save\ f:\backups\ q:\letters\

 

Note:  The wildcard expansion process will attempt to allow both CMD.EXE-style "extension" matching (assumes only one extension, at the end of the word) and the advanced TCC string matching (allowing things like *.*.abc) when an asterisk is encountered in the destination of a COPY command.

 

COPY supports connected web folders.  If an HTML file (i.e.,  with an .htm or .html extension) is copied, COPY will look for a  folder in the same directory with the same name and an extension of ".files".  If it is found, the .files directory will be copied to the target directory. You can disable connected web folders by setting the registry key:

 

HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\NoFileFolderConnection=0

 

Options

 

The /A (ASCII copy) and /B (binary copy) options apply to the preceding filename and to all subsequent filenames on the command line until the file name preceding the next /A or /B, if any. All other options apply to all filenames on the command line, no matter where you put them.

 

Some options do not make sense in certain contexts, in which case COPY will ignore them. For example, you cannot prompt before replacing an existing file when the destination is a device such as the printer ? there's no such thing as an "existing file" on the printer. If you use conflicting output options, like /Q and /P, COPY will generally take a "conservative" approach and give priority to the option which generates more prompts or more information.

 

/A If you use /A with a source filename, the file will be copied up to, but not including, the first Control-Z (ASCII: 26) character in the file. If you use /A with a destination filename, a Control-Z will be added to the end of the file. /A is the default when appending files, or when the destination is a device like NUL, rather than a disk file.

 

This option applies to the filename immediately preceding it, and to all subsequent filenames until the file name preceding the next /A or /B option.

 

/A:... Select only those files that have the specified attribute(s) set. See Attribute Switches for information on the attributes which can follow /A:. See the cautionary note under Advanced Features above before using /A: when both source and destination directories contain file descriptions. You must include the colon with this option to distinguish it from the /A switch, above. Do not use /A: with @file lists. See @file lists for details. Hidden or system files selected by this option overwrite hidden or system files.

 

/B If you use /B with a source filename, the entire file is copied; <SUB> characters, if any, in the file are considered ordinary data to be copied. Using /B with a destination filename prevents addition of a <SUB> to the end of the destination file. /B is the default unless source files are appended to the target file, or the target is a device, e.g., NUL.

 

       This option applies to the filename immediately preceding it, and to all subsequent filenames until the file name preceding the next /A or /B option.

 

/C Copy files only if the destination file exists and is older than the source (see also /U). This option is useful for updating the files in one directory from those in another without copying any files not already in the target directory. Before using /C in a network environment, be sure to read the note under /U. Do not use /C with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

 

/D (Windows XP+ Only) Force copy of an encrypted file even when the target will be decrypted (for CMD.EXE compatibility).

 

/E (No error messages)  Suppress all non-fatal error messages, such as File not found or Can't copy file to itself. Fatal error messages, such as Drive not ready, will still be displayed. This option is most useful in batch files and aliases.

 

/F When used with /S, COPY will not create any empty subdirectories.

 

/FTP:A Perform FTP transfers in ASCII mode, instead of the default binary mode.

 

/G Displays the percentage copied, the transfer rate (in Kbytes/second), and the estimated time remaining. Useful when copying large files across a network or via FTP to ensure the copy is proceeding. When /V is also used, reports percentage verified.

 

/H Copy all matching files including those with the hidden and/or system attribute set. See the cautionary note under Advanced Features above before using /H when both source and destination directories contain file descriptions.

 

/I"text" (Match descriptions)  Select source files by matching text in their descriptions. See Description Ranges for details.

 

/J Copy the file in restartable mode. The copy progress is tracked in the destination file in case the copy fails. The copy can be restarted by specifying the same source and destination file names.

 

/K (Keep read-only attribute)  To maintain compatibility with CMD.EXE, COPY normally maintains the hidden and system attributes, sets the archive attribute, and removes the read-only attribute on the target file. /K tells COPY to also maintain the read-only attribute on the destination file. However, if the destination is on a Novell NetWare volume, this option will fail to maintain the read-only attribute. This is due to the way NetWare handles file attributes, and is not a problem in COPY.

 

/L (Windows Vista or later only) If the source is a symbolic link, copy the link to the target instead of the actual file.

 

/LD        When used with /S, if the source is a symbolic or hard link to a directory, COPY will create the link in the target directory instead of copying the subdirectory tree.

 

/M Copy only those files with the archive attribute set, i.e., those which have been modified since the last backup. The archive attribute of the source file will not be cleared after copying; to clear it use the /X switch, or use ATTRIB. Do not use /M with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

 

/MD Create the target directory if it doesn't exist.  Note that you *must* either terminate the target directory name with a trailing \ or specify a filename component; otherwise COPY cannot tell what you want for the directory and what you want for the filename.

 

/N Do everything except actually perform the copy. This option is useful for testing what the result of a complex COPY command will be. /N displays how many files would be copied. /N does not prevent creation of destination subdirectories when it is used with /S.

 

A /N with one of the following arguments has an alternate meaning:

 

d        Skip hidden directories (when used with /S)

e        Don't display errors.

j        Skip junctions (when used with /S)

s        Don't display the summary.

t        Don't update the CD / CDD extended directory search database (JPSTREE.IDX).

 

/O Only copy the source file if the target file doesn't exist.

 

/P Ask the user to confirm each source file. Your options at the prompt are explained in detail under Page and File Prompts. Note: the Copy Prompt on Overwrite configuration option can be used to force prompting at the command line only. See also: the /Q option below.

 

/Q Don't display filenames, percentage copied, total number of files copied, etc... When used in combination with the /P option above, it will prompt for filenames but will not display the totals. This option is most often used in batch files. See also /T.

 

/R Prompt the user before overwriting an existing file. Your options at the prompt are explained in detail under Page and File Prompts. See also: the Copy Prompt on Overwrite configuration option. (For compatibility with CMD.EXE, a /Y option on the command line is changed to /R.)

 

/S Copy the subdirectory tree starting with the files in the source directory plus each subdirectory below that. The destination must be a directory; if it doesn't exist, COPY will attempt to create it. COPY will also attempt to create needed subdirectories on the tree below the destination, including empty source directories. If COPY /S creates one or more destination directories, they will be added automatically to the extended directory search database.

 

If you attempt to use COPY /S to copy a subdirectory tree into part of itself, COPY will detect the resulting infinite loop, display an error message and exit. Do not use /S with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

 

If you specify a number after the /S, COPY will limit the subdirectory recursion to that number.  For example, if you have a directory tree "\a\b\c\d\e", /S2 will only affect the "a", "b", and "c" directories.

 

/T Turns off  the display of filenames, like /Q, but does display the total number of files copied.

 

/U Copy each source file only if it is newer than a matching destination file or if a matching destination file does not exist (see also /C). This option is useful for keeping one directory matched with another with a minimum of copying. Do not use /U with @file lists. See @file lists for details. When used with file systems that have different time resolutions (such as FAT and NTFS), /U will attempt to use the "coarsest" resolution of the two.

 

/V Verify each disk write by performing a true byte-by-byte comparison between the source and the newly-created target file. This option will significantly increase the time necessary to complete a COPY command. 

 

/X Clear the archive attribute from the source file after a successful copy. This option is most useful if you are using COPY to maintain a set of backup files.

 

/Z Overwrite destination files regardless of their attributes. Without this option, COPY will fail with an "Access denied error" if the destination file has its read-only attribute set, or  (depending on other options) its hidden or system attribute set. Required to overwrite read-only targets regardless of other options. Required to overwrite hidden or system targets unless the source also has the attribute, and either /H or /A: is used to select it.

tree

Purpose: Display a graphical directory tree.

 

Format: TREE [[/A:[[-|+]rhsadecijopt /A /B /D /F /H /Nj /P /S[n] /T[:a|c|w] /Z ] dir...

 

dir The directory to use as the start of the tree. If one or more directories are specified, TREE will display a tree for each specified directory. If none are specified, the tree for the current working directory is displayed.

 

/A: (Attribute select)
 /N (disable option)
 
/A(SCII)
 /P(ause)
 
/B(are)
 /S (file size)
 
/D(escriptions)
 /T(ime and date)
 
/F(iles)
 /Z (file size)
 
/H(idden directories)
 
 

 

File Selection:

 

Supports attribute switches, extended wildcards, ranges (with /F), and multiple file names.

 

Usage:

 

The TREE command displays a graphical representation of the directory tree using standard or extended ASCII characters. For example, to display the directory structure on drive C:

 

[c:\] tree c:\

 

TREE uses the standard line drawing characters in the U.S. English extended ASCII character set. If your system is configured for a different country or language, or if you use a font which does not include these line drawing characters, the connecting lines in the tree display may not appear correctly (or not appear at all) on your screen. To correct the problem, use /A, or configure the TCC to use a font which can display standard extended ASCII characters.

 

You can print the display, save it in a file, or view it with LIST by using standard redirection symbols. Be sure to review the /A option before attempting to print the TREE output. The options discussed below specify the amount of information included in the display.

 

Options:

 

/A Display the tree using standard ASCII characters. You can use this option if you want to save the directory tree in a file for further processing or print the tree on a printer which does not support the graphical symbols that TREE normally uses.

 

/A:[..] Select only those files that match the specified attribute(s).See Attribute Switches for details.

 

/B Display the full pathname of each directory, without any of the line-drawing characters.

 

 

/D Display file and directory descriptions.

 

/F Display files as well as directories. If you use this option, the name of each file is displayed beneath the name of the directory in which it resides.

 

/H Display hidden as well as normal directories. If you combine /H and /F, hidden files are also displayed.

 

/N Disables the specified options:

 

j Skip junctions (when used with /S)

 

/P Wait for a key to be pressed after each screen page before continuing the display. Your options at the prompt are explained in detail under Page and File Prompts.

 

/S If you specify a number after the /S, TREE will limit the subdirectory recursion to that number.  For example, if you have a directory tree "\a\b\c\d\e", /S2 will only affect the "a", "b", and "c" directories.

 

/T Display the time and date for each directory. If you combine /T and /F, the time and date for each file will also be displayed.

 

By default, the time and date shown will be of the last modification. You can select a specific time and date stamp by using the following variations of /T:

 

/T:a        Last access date and time (access time is not displayed on VFAT and FAT32 volumes).

/T:c        Creation date and time.

/T:w        Last modification ("write") date and time (default).

 

/Z Display the size of each file. This option is only useful when combined with /F.

دستور del

Purpose: Erase one file, a group of files, or entire subdirectories.

 

Format: DEL [ranges] [/A:[[-|+]rhsadecijopt /E /F /I"text" /K /N[defjst] /P /Q /R /S[n] /T /W /X /Y /Z] [@file ]  file...

 

file        The file, subdirectory, or list of files or subdirectories to erase.

@file        A text file containing the names of the files to delete, one per line (see @file lists for details).

 

/A:  (Attribute select)
 /Q(uiet)
 
/B (Delete after reboot)
 /R(ecycle bin)
 
/E (No error messages)
 /S(ubdirectories)
 
/F(orce delete)
 /T(otal)
 
/I (match descriptions)
 /W(ipe)
 
/K (no Recycle Bin)
 /X (remove empty subdirectories)
 
/N (Disable)
 /Y(es to all prompts)
 
/P(rompt)
 /Z(ap hidden and read-only files)
 

 

File Selection

 

Supports attribute switches, extended wildcards, ranges, multiple file names, and include lists. Use wildcards with caution on LFN volumes; see LFN File Searches for details.

 

Internet

 

Can be used with FTP/HTTP Servers.

 

Usage

 

DEL and ERASE are synonyms. You can use either one. In the description below, every reference to DEL applies equally to ERASE.

 

Use the DEL command with caution. The files and subdirectories that you erase may be impossible to recover without specialized utilities and a lot of work.

 

To erase a single file, simply enter the file name:

 

del letters.txt

 

You can also erase multiple files in a single command. For example, to erase all the files in the current directory with a .BAK or .PRN extension:

 

del *.bak *.prn

 

When you use DEL on an LFN drive, you must quote any file names which contain white space or special characters.

 

To exclude files from a DEL command, use a file exclusion range. For example, to delete all files in the current directory except those whose extension is .TXT, use a command like this:

 

del /[!*.TXT] *

 

When using exclusion ranges or other more complex options you may want to use the /N switch first, to preview the effects of the DEL without actually deleting any files.

 

If you enter a subdirectory name, or a filename composed only of wildcards (* and/or ?), DEL asks for confirmation (Y or N) unless you specified the /Y option. If you respond with a Y, DEL will delete all the files in that subdirectory (hidden, system, and read-only files are only deleted if you use the /Z option). NOTE:  The Windows command processor, CMD.EXE, behaves the same way but does not ask for confirmation if you use /Q to delete files quietly. If you want TCC to follow CMD.EXE's approach and skip the confirmation prompt when /Q is used, set the Prompt on Wildcard Deletes configuration option. Use caution if you disable this option, as this will allow DEL /Q to delete an entire directory without prompting for confirmation.

 

DEL displays the amount of disk space recovered, unless the /Q option is used (see below). It does so by comparing the amount of free disk space before and after the DEL command is executed. This amount may be incorrect if you are using a deletion tracking system which stores deleted files in a hidden directory, or if another program performs a file operation while the DEL command is executing.

 

Remember that DEL removes file descriptions along with files. Most deletion tracking systems will not be able to save or recover a file's description, even if they can save or recover the data in a file. This applies to the use of DEL with the Windows Recycle Bin, too - the description will be lost.

 

When a file is deleted without using the Recycle Bin, its disk space is returned to the operating system for use by other files. However, the contents of the file remain on the disk until they are overwritten by another file. If you wish to obliterate a file or wipe its contents clean, use the /W option, which overwrites the file with zeros before deleting it. Use this option with caution. Once a file is obliterated, it is impossible to recover. Remember: /W overrides using the Recycle Bin.

 

DEL returns a non-zero exit code if no files are deleted, or if another error occurs. You can test this exit code with the %_? internal variable, and use it with conditional commands (&& and ||).

 

Use caution when using wildcards with DEL on LFN drives, because TCC's wildcard matching can match both short and long filenames. This can delete files you did not expect; see LFN File Searches for additional details.

 

• Recycle Bin

 

When you delete files with DEL, TCC does not move the deleted files to the Windows Recycle Bin by default. You can change this default with the Delete to Recycle Bin configuration option. If you have disabled the recycle bin, you can override the setting and place deleted files in the recycle bin with the /R option:

 

del /r letters.txt

 

If you have enabled Recycle Bin support, but want to override the default setting on a one-time basis, and delete some files without placing them in the recycle bin, use the /K option:

 

del /k letters.txt

 

You can also exclude files from the Recycle bin, even if Delete to Recycle Bin is enabled, or if the command use the /R option, with the RecycleExclude environment variable.

 

• FTP Usage 

 

If you have appropriate permissions, you can delete files on FTP servers. For example:

 

del ftp://ftp.abc.com/index

 

You can also use the IFTP command to start an FTP session on a server and then use one of the following syntax examples:

 

del ftp:path/*.txt

del ftp:/path/*.txt

 

The first syntax will normally be interpreted by the server as relative to the path you specified when you used the IFTP command to start the FTP session. The second syntax, with a slash before the path name, is interpreted as starting from the root.

 

• NTFS File Streams 

 

DEL supports file streams on NTFS drives. You can delete an individual stream by specifying the stream name, for example:

 

del streamfile:s1

 

If no stream name is specified the entire file is deleted, including all streams.

 

See NTFS File Streams for additional details.

 

Options

 

/A: Delete only those files that have the specified attribute(s) set. See Attribute Switches for information on the attributes which can follow /A:. Do not use /A: with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

 

/B If DEL can't delete the file (for example, if access is denied) it will schedule it to be deleted at the next reboot.

 

/E Suppress all non-fatal error messages, such as "File Not Found."  Fatal error messages, such as "Drive not ready," will still be displayed. This option is most useful in batch files and aliases.

 

/F This option has the same effect as /Z (see below): it deletes read-only, hidden, and system files as well as normal files.. It is included for compatibility with CMD.EXE.

 

/I"text" Select filenames by matching text in their descriptions. The text can include wildcards and extended wildcards. The search text must be enclosed in double quotes, and must follow the /I immediately, with no intervening spaces. You can select all filenames that have a description with /I"[?]*", or all filenames that do not have a description with /I"[]".

 

/K Physically delete files instead of sending them to the Windows Recycle Bin.

 

/N Do everything except actually delete the file(s). This is useful for testing the result of a DEL.

 

A /N with one of the following arguments has an alternate meaning:

 

d Skip hidden directories (when used with /S)

e Don't display errors

f Don't display the bytes freed in the summary

j Skip junctions (when used with /S)

s Don't display the summary

t Don't update the CD / CDD extended directory search database (JPSTREE.IDX)

 

/P Prompt the user to confirm each erasure. Your options at the prompt are explained in detail under Page and File Prompts.

 

/Q Don't display filenames as they are deleted, or the number of files deleted or bytes freed. If Prompt on Wildcard Deletes is disabled then /Q also disables the normal confirmation prompt when performing wildcard deletions (e.g. DEL *), for compatibility with CMD.EXE. Use caution if you disable Prompt on Wildcard Deletes, as this will allow DEL /Q to delete an entire directory without prompting for confirmation. See also /T.

 

/R Delete files to the Windows Recycle Bin.

 

/S Delete the specified files in this directory and all of its subdirectories. This is like a GLOBAL DEL, and can be used to delete all the files in a subdirectory tree or even a whole disk. Do not use /S with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

 

If you specify a number after the /S, DEL will limit the subdirectory recursion to that number.  For example, if you have a directory tree "\a\b\c\d\e", /S2 will only affect the "a", "b", and "c" directories.

 

/T Don't display filenames as they are deleted, but display the total number of files deleted plus the amount of free disk space recovered. Unlike /Q, the /T option will not speed up deletions under DOS.

 

/W Clear the file to zeros before deleting it. Use this option to completely obliterate a file's contents from your disk. Once you have used this option it is impossible to recover the file even if you are using an undelete utility, because the contents of the file are destroyed before it is deleted. /W overwrites the file only once; it does not adhere to security standards which require multiple overwrites with varying data when destroying sensitive information. /W will override a /R.

 

/X Removes empty subdirectories (only useful when used with /S). If DEL deletes one or more directories, they will be removed automatically from the extended directory search database.

 

/Y The reverse of /P ? it assumes a Y response to everything, including deleting an entire subdirectory tree.  TCC normally prompts before deleting files when the name consists only of wildcards or a subdirectory name (see above); /Y overrides this protection and should be used with extreme caution!

 

/Z Delete read-only, hidden, and system files as well as normal files. Files with the read-only, hidden, or system attribute set are normally protected from deletion; /Z overrides this protection, and should be used with caution. Because EXCEPT works by hiding files, /Z will override an EXCEPT command. However, files specified in a file exclusion range will not be deleted by DEL /Z.

 

For example, to delete the entire subdirectory tree starting with C:\UTIL, including hidden and read- only files, without prompting (use this command with CAUTION!):

 

del /s /x /y /z c:\util\